为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 城市研究 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。Transnational migrants and the socio-spatial
superdiversification of the global city Tokyo
全球城市东京的跨国移民与社会空间超级多元化
Sakura Yamamura（德国亚琛大学；德国马克斯·普朗克宗教和民族多样性研究所）
Abstract: Tokyo illustrates a particularly
interesting case of differential inclusions of transnational migrants in urban
spaces, as the novel turn in migration policy in coordination with urban
economic development has induced the arrival and diversification of migrant
populations into the city. With the recent historic opening of the country to
lower-skilled labour migration as well as measures to (re-) attract the global
economy, thus incentivising transnational corporate professionals to relocate
to specific national economic zones within the city, Tokyo is in a new
socio-spatial diversification process. With a non-ethno-focal lens on
transnational migration and focusing on upper-class transnational corporate
migrants, this article discusses diversification regarding the newer arrivals
of migrants who are differently included in the urban spaces as compared to
older generations of migrants. It delivers novel accounts of a diversifying transnational
migrant groups’ socio-spatial patterns within Tokyo, which illustrate the
dynamics of differential inclusions resulting from the superdiversification of
urban societies. The article gives new insights into the socio-spatial
diversification dynamics of transnational urban spaces in a long-neglected but
highly topical Asian arrival city, and conceptually reflects such localised
superdiversification of urban spaces on a global scale.
摘要：在城市空间为跨国移民提供多元化包容方面，东京是一个特别有趣的案例，其与城市经济发展相协调的移民政策的新转变吸引了移民人口纷纷进入，形成了多元化的移民人口结构。日本最近历史性地放开对低技能劳动者的移民限制，并采取措施（重新）吸引全球经济，以此激励跨国公司专业人员移民到位于东京的一些特定的国家级经济区，因此，东京正在经历一个新的社会空间多元化进程。本文关注的是上层跨国公司移民，并不区分这些跨国移民的族裔。与老一辈移民相比，这些新移民融入了不同的城市空间。本文对这种多元化进行了讨论，对东京地区多元化的跨国移民群体的社会空间格局进行了全新的描述，说明了城市社群超级多元化所带来的多重包容性的新趋势。本文选取了一个长期被忽视的亚洲移民优选城市作为研究对象，对城市移民区的社会空间多元化趋势提出了新的见解，并从概念上反映了全球范围内城市空间的这种局部超级多元化现象。
Keywords: global city, socio-spatial
diversification, superdiversity, transnational migration, transnational space
关键词：全球城市, 社会空间多元化, 超级多元化, 跨国移民, 跨国空间
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221114213
Roots and routes in neighbourhoods. Length of
residence, belonging and public familiarity in Berlin, Germany街区的根源和路径：在德国柏林的居住时间、归属感和公众熟悉度
Henrik Schultze（德国柏林洪堡大学）首次出版时间：2022/12/26｜研究论文
Abstract: Urban
scholars commonly expect that residents show more neighbourhood belonging, the
longer they live in an area. An imagery of fixed settlements thus remains
dominant in a rapidly changing world. Recent research challenged classic
assumptions but the alternative of elective belonging hardly differentiated
between symbolic and practical neighbourhood use. As belonging is
performatively maintained, this differentiation may be needed. What defines
residents’ belonging in a neighbourhood in digital mobile times? Does length of
residence alone result in place-based practices, familiarity with other people
and ultimately in more belonging? Our analyses of survey-data from four Berlin
neighbourhoods show that length of residence correlates with belonging, but not
in a simple linear way. The use of infrastructure and especially public
familiarity, which depends on the settlement as specific historical
configuration, affect this relationship.摘要：城市学者普遍认为，居民在一个地区居住的时间越长，就越有邻里归属感。因此，固定定居点的意象在瞬息万变的世界中仍然占主导地位。最近的研究对经典假设提出了质疑，但选择性归属的替代方案几乎没有区分象征性和实际的邻里功能。由于归属感是通过行动来维持的，因此可能需要对它们进行区分。在数字化、移动化时代，如何定义居民对社区的归属感？仅仅长时间的居住就会带来基于地方的实践、与他人的熟悉并最终带来更多的归属感？我们对柏林四个街区的调查数据进行了分析，发现居住时间长短与归属感相关，但并非以简单的线性方式相关。基础设施的使用，尤其是公众熟悉度，会影响这种关系。而公众熟悉度取决于作为特定历史配置的定居点。Keywords: belonging, neighbourhood, public
familiarity原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221136960
Associations between adolescent mental health and
pedestrian- and transit-oriented urban design qualities: Evidence from a
national-level online Canadian survey青少年心理健康与以行人和公共交通为导向的城市设计质量之间的关联：来自加拿大国家级在线调查的证据Adrian Buttazzoni（加拿大滑铁卢大学）首次出版时间：2022/12/27｜研究论文
Abstract: Different types of environment
stimuli (e.g. noise, aesthetics) in urban environments are becoming better
understood as determinants of the mental health of urban dwellers. Research on
the impacts of urban exposures, especially those related to urban designs, and
their potential impacts on the mental health of adolescents specifically,
however, is currently lacking. In this study, we examine the relationships
between five pedestrian- and transit-oriented design (PTOD) concepts –
imageability, enclosure, human scale, transparency and complexity – and
adolescent emotional responses to six settings of varied PTOD quality, and
discuss potential design-related emotional affordances within Gibson’s Theory
of Affordances (ToA). Using an online survey method with videos of each
setting, a nationally representative sample of Canadian adolescents viewed the
videos and indicated responses to six mental health indicators (positive
affect, negative affect, calmness, anxiousness, perceived restorativeness and
mental demand). Adjusted linear mixed models (LMMs) were constructed to examine
the association between different urban settings and each outcome. Results
indicated that, generally, as the quality of five PTOD concepts increased, as
reflected in the scores of the different settings, positive emotional responses
tended to increase while negative responses decreased (excluding mental
demand). Within the frame of the ToA, multiple emotional response outcomes were
significantly associated with settings high in aggregate PTOD quality (e.g.
Plaza-Positive Affect: β = 0.116, 95% CI: 0.010–0.222, p = 0.033;
Bluespace-Mental Demand: β = −1.634, 95% CI: −1.770 to −1.498, p = <0.000),
suggesting such spaces may be perceived by adolescents as possessing greater
emotional richness with respect to affordances. Future studies should further
explore these relationships with other means (e.g. objective methods).摘要：人们对城市环境中不同类型的环境刺激（如噪音、美学刺激等）对城市居民心理健康的影响日益了解。然而，目前缺乏关于城市暴露影响的研究，尤其是与城市设计相关的城市暴露，以及它们对青少年心理健康的潜在影响。在这项研究中，我们考察了五个以行人和公共交通为导向的设计 (PTOD) 概念（形象性、封闭性、人文尺度、透明度和复杂性）与青少年在六种不同PTOD质量的环境下所产生的情绪反应之间的关系，并讨论了吉布森 (Gibson) 的可供性理论 (ToA) 中潜在的与设计相关的情感可供性。我们采用了在线调查法，每个环境都有相关的视频，我们在加拿大全国范围内挑选了一些青少年的代表作为样本观看了视频，并根据六项心理健康指标（积极影响、消极影响、冷静、焦虑、感知恢复和心理需求）获得其反馈。我们构建了调整后的线性混合模型 (LMM) 来考察不同城市环境与每个结果之间的关联。结果表明，一般来说，随着五个PTOD 概念质量的提高（通过不同环境的分数反映），积极的情绪反应往往会增加，而消极的反应会减少（不包括心理需求）。在 ToA 的框架内，多种情绪反应结果与总体 PTOD 质量高的环境显著相关（例如：广场-积极影响：b = 0.116，95%
CI：0.010–0.222，p = 0.033；蓝色空间-心理需求: b = - 1.634, 95% CI: - 1.770 to -
1.498, p = \0.000)，表明对于青少年的感知来说，此类空间在可供性方面具有更大的情感丰富性。未来的研究应该用其他方式（如客观方法）进一步探索这些关系。Keywords: built environment, mental health,
planning, theory of affordances, urban design关键词：建筑环境, 心理健康, 规划, 可供性理论, 城市设计原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221138311
Is urbanisation in the Global South fundamentally
different? Comparative global urban analysis for the 21st century全球南方的城市化是否有根本不同？21世纪全球城市比较分析Gregory F Randolph（美国南加州大学）Michael Storper（英国伦敦经济学院，美国洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学）首次出版时间：2022/2/8｜研究论文
Abstract: A vigorous debate has emerged in
recent years over how to understand cities of the Global South. A pivotal issue
in this debate is whether urbanisation processes in the South are so
fundamentally different from historical and current urbanisation in the Global
North that many of the theories developed from studying the latter have limited
utility in application to the former. In this article, we review evidence from
a range of disciplines on recent and ongoing urban transitions and urbanisation
dynamics in the Global South, attending to features that distinguish the urban
South from the urban North. Our reading of the evidence indicates that parts of
the Global South may be urbanising along historically and geographically
specific trajectories; however, we argue that these differences are best
understood through a unified set of global urban theories. Rather than
flattening or silencing difference, theories that seek generalisation across
time and space sharpen the identification and appreciation of key differences
in urbanisation processes. Analysing how the fundamental dynamics of
urbanisation recombine and interact with one another in different contexts
offers insight into policy challenges that cut across cities, both within and
between the Global South and North, as well as context-specific policy issues
that arise through the interaction of global urbanisation forces and local
specificities.摘要：近年来出现了关于如何理解全球南方城市的激烈辩论。这场辩论中的一个关键问题是，南方的城市化进程是否与全球北方历史上和当前的城市化有根本性的不同，以至于通过研究后者发展而来的许多理论在应用于前者时效用有限。在本文中，我们回顾了一系列学科中关于全球南方近期和正在进行的城市转型和城市化动态的证据，关注将南方城市与北方城市区别开来的特征。我们对证据的解读表明，全球南方的部分地区可能正在沿着其独特的历史和地理轨迹经历城市化；然而，我们认为这些差异最好通过一套统一的全球城市理论来理解。寻求具有超越时间和空间的概括性的理论并不会淡化或漠视差异，反而能更加敏锐地识别和理解城市化进程中的关键差异。分析城市化的基本动力如何在不同背景下重新组合和相互作用，这有助于我们深入了解贯穿于全球南方城市和全球北方城市内部以及两者之间的政策挑战，以及通过全球城市化力量和地方特点相互影响产生的、特定于相关背景的政策问题。Keywords: agglomeration/urbanisation,
demographics, development, Global South, migration, theory, urban land nexus关键词：集聚/城市化, 人口统计学, 发展, 全球南方, 移民, 理论, 城市土地关系原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211067926
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