以复杂思维考察制度涌现

The Emergence of Institutions: A Perspective from Complexity Thinking

《外国经济与管理》2023年45卷第1期 页码：23 - 37 online：2023年1月20日

作者

中：罗家德1,2 , 万怡3 , 张江4

英：Jar-der Luo1,2, Wan Yi3 , Zhang Jiang4

作者单位：1.清华大学 社会科学学院, 北京 100084; 2.清华大学 公共管理学院, 北京 100084; 3.清华大学 社会学系, 北京 100084; 4.北京师范大学 系统科学学院, 北京 100091

摘要及关键词

摘要：复杂思维反对还原论，从思考开放系统的本质出发，将主体的能动性、主体间的网络结构以及自组织纳入思维架构，考察系统涌现出的新特质及非线性的演化过程。本文通过对埃德加·莫兰的复杂思维的介绍，结合莫兰由复杂系统研究中被多学科共用的几个主要概念——有序、无序、组织、相互作用——共同形成的二重逻辑下的基础概念架构，引入格兰诺维特的“行动与网络共同演化”视角以及卢曼从“自创生”概念发展出的“社会自创生”理论，以补充基础架构中相互作用与组织的含义。同时，以这一扩充的概念架构具体分析两个复杂社会系统研究的理论范例，重新诠释集中式发电产业体制的建构过程与越南农业制度演进中的农民运动，得到不同于还原论范式的理论解释。本文还提出将中庸之道的动态平衡的概念纳入扩充架构，并尝试将之与格兰诺维特的理论结合，对两个理论研究范例继续做出解释，展示出概念架构进一步拓展的可能性。本文提出的概念架构使作为一种分析视角的复杂思维有所发展，并能补充既往还原论范式下社会科学研究中的简化解释，得到新的发现，拓展社会科学、管理学研究的理论视角。

关键词：复杂系统研究；复杂社会系统；复杂思维；自组织；涌现

Summary: The main purpose of this paper is to provide a research framework under the complex thinking paradigm for social science and management researchers, so that researchers can analyze the emergence process of institutions and other social phenomena with the conceptual framework of complex system research, and arrive at theoretical explanations that differ from the reductionist paradigm. The prototype of the conceptual architecture presented comes from Edgar Morin. Morin attempts to introduce the common concept of complex system research into epistemology. And then, Granovetter’s dynamic social network theory and Luhmann’s social autopoiesis theory are introduced to supplement Morin’s argument about “interaction between existence and existing activities” and “interaction between organization and system”, and an expanded conceptual framework is put forward. Finally, two empirical research cases are presented. One case proposes an analysis of the emergence process of the electric power industry’s new institution in the United States, so as to understand the coevolution of network structure and actions argued by Granovetter. The other case concerns the reinterpretation of the peasant movement in Vietnam, and thus illustrates the paradoxical outcomes in the evolution of the open system argued by Luhmann’s social autopoiesis theory.This extended conceptual framework does not exclude other analytical frameworks for complex social systems, and this paper holds that there is the possibility for further expansions. For example, the Chinese concept of Zhongyong, namely, the dynamic balance of dual forces, can be used to further explain the two cases introduced in this paper. By using the extended conceptual framework in this paper, researchers are able to reexamine the social phenomena which was explained by reductionism in the past, and obtain theories based on the perspective of holistic, network, non-linear, dynamic and dialogue principle.

Key words: complex system research; complex social system; complexity thinking; self-organization; emergence

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.fem.20221011.102

收稿日期：2022-05-29

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