论文快递: 第二百一十一期
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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百一十一期，将介绍Urban Studies Online First的四篇论文和Volume 60, Issue 9中的一篇论文。主题包括新自由主义城市化，智慧城市权利，拉丁美洲地区的城市学术研究，气候城市化和炎热不安全，及新冠肺炎疫情和城市公共卫生治理。欢迎阅读。
01
Who owns the city? Neoliberal urbanism and land purchases in Gurgaon, India
谁拥有城市？印度古尔冈的新自由主义城市化和土地购买
AbstractIncreasing purchases of valuable real estate for storing capital have contributed to the soaring prices of modest housing in many global cities and in several South Asian cities such as Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore. Saskia Sassen has drawn attention to the phenomenon of underutilisation of purchased properties existing alongside the acute demand for housing by lowand moderate-income households in the same cities. Despite the gravity of this issue, empirical analyses of urban land transactions remain rare, especially because such purchases often tend to be piecemeal and obscure, involving a multitude of smaller land deals and a variety of actors. This paper examines corporate purchases of urban land in Gurgaon, a city adjacent to New Delhi that has embraced neoliberal economic policies. By creating a land database for the upcoming sectors in the city, the study makes sharply visible: (1) the radical changes in property ownership patterns from agricultural land to luxury gated communities, (2) the growing corporate investments, extreme concentration of land ownership and deeply unequal distribution of urban land and (3) the use of various illicit practices by market-leading companies in land banking.
corporate land ownership, illicit, India, neoliberal urbanism, urban land grab
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231184784
02
The right to the smart city in the Global South: A research agenda
全球南方的智慧城市权利：研究议程
Abstract
Urban research has increasingly embraced the Global South, as recent critical scholarship continues opening to Southern cities, scholars and ideas generated from the South. Here, we (the authors, two women of the Global South) think strategically about ‘the Southern urban critique’, ‘the right to the city’ and ‘smart cities’ – as well as some limitations of doing so. Intrigued by the fast pace of smart city development across the Global South, and informed by the ongoing critical debates and increasing empirical work focused on the unfolding of ‘smart’ in the Southern cities, we put forward a research agenda ‘the right to the smart city in the Global South’. Through three lenses of expose, propose and politicise this research agenda articulates the smart city shortcomings from a Southern critical perspective to elevate the ongoing empirical studies on the subject, to shed light on the gaps in knowledge, and to produce a normative alternative vision for ‘just smart city’. Our challenge to readers is to help create such smart cities, to engage with and reflect on the arguments in this positioning piece, and then complement them with further nor- mative, future-oriented work – informed by empirical knowledge – to fully map out the particularities of an alternative Southern smart city, to inform planning and policymaking for just smart cities, and to enact the right to the smart city in the Global South.
随着近期的批判性学术研究逐渐向南方城市、南方学者和南方思想敞开大门，城市研究越来越多地接纳了全球南方的观点。在本文中，我们（即作者，两位来自全球南方的女性）对“南方城市批判”“城市权利”和“智慧城市”进行了战略性思考，同时也思考了其中的一些局限性。受到全球南方智慧城市快速发展的启发，并基于正在进行的批判性辩论和越来越多关注南方城市“智慧”发展的实证工作，我们提出了“全球南方的智慧城市权利”这一研究议程。本研究议程通过揭示、提议和政治化这三个视角，从南方批评的角度阐述了智慧城市的缺陷，旨在推动对该主题的持续性实证研究，揭示知识上的差距，并为“公正的智慧城市”提供一个标准的替代愿景。我们向读者提出的挑战是帮助创建这种智慧城市，参与并反思这篇定位文章中的论点，然后用更为标准的、面向未来的工作来加以补充，但需以实证知识为依据，进而全面描绘出另一种南方智慧城市的各项特点，为公正智慧城市的规划和决策提供指导，并制定全球南方智薏城市的权利。
Keywords
Global South, smart city, southern urban critique, the right to the city, urban theory
关键词
全球南方、智慧城市、南方城市批判、城市权利、城市理论
03
Writing the Latin American city: Trajectories of urban scholarship
书写拉丁美洲城市：城市学术研究的轨迹
AbstractScholarship on urban Latin America is prolific and multifaceted. The region not only is the most urbanised in the world but also the most unequal. This distinctive feature makes it rich and relevant for urban theory-making. This essay introduces a Virtual Special Issue (VSI) on urban studies in Latin America that showcases a selection of articles from the journal’s archives from the mid-1970s to the present. It aims to locate urban studies scholarship in/about the region in the context of democratisation struggles and their urban implications. On the one hand, it traces the intellectual trajectories of some key urban debates bringing attention to their disciplinary, methodological and theoretical underpinnings. The VSI identifies four well-established strands: (1) Disputes around local governance; (2) Anatomy of uneven urbanisation; (3) Housing provision landscapes and infrastructural assemblages; and (4) Economic geographies and variegated gentrifications. On the other hand, it delineates a broad picture of the emergent debates and thematic, methodological and geographical absences in the pages of this journal. Through this analysis, the editorial concludes by identifying some potentially productive future directions for research.
摘要
关于拉丁美洲城市的学术研究丰富多样。该地区不仅是世界上城市化程度最高的地区，也是最不平等的地区。这一显著特点使得拉丁美洲在城市理论制定方面具有丰富的内容和意义。本文介绍了关于拉丁美洲城市研究的一份虚拟特刊 (VSI)，并展示了从1970 年代中期至今的该期刊档案中精选的文章。该特刊旨在将拉丁美洲地区的城市学术研究放在民主化斗争及其城市影响的背景之下。一方面，它追溯了一些关键城市辩论的知识轨迹，使人们注意到其学科、方法论和理论基础。该虚拟特刊指出了四个已经确立的研究领域：(1）地方治理纷争；(2）不均衡城市化的剖析；(3）住房供应图景和基础设施组合；及（4）经济地理和多种多样的绅士化。另一方面，它勾勒出该期刊中新兴辩论的广泛图景，并指出了期刊内容上存在的主题、方法论和地理学上的空白。通过这一分析，论文最后指出了一些潜在的富有成效的未来研究方向。
Keywords Latin America, urban governance, urbanisation, urban planning, urban theory
关键词
拉丁美洲、城市治理、城市化、城市规划、城市理论
04
Thermal insecurity: Violence of heat and cold in the urban climate refuge
炎热不安全:城市气候避难所中热与冷的暴力
Zoé A Hamstead（美国加州大学伯克利分校）
首次出版时间：2023/07/13｜研究论文
Abstract
Often described as a silent killer or invisible threat, heat contributes to more fatalities than other types of climate change-exacerbated extreme weather, and the impacts are especially pronounced in racialised and segregated urban communities. In an era of climate urbanism, efforts to scientifically categorise heat and link heat to health impacts are helping to support early warning systems and urban investments in heat mitigation infrastructure, bolstering climate urbanism branding strategies. Meanwhile, relatively little research has examined lived experiences with heat-related dangers, and cold rarely features in climate health discourse even though it contributes to many more fatalities than heat. Here, I present household interviews on thermal lived experiences that inform a notion of thermal (in)security, asserting that heat and cold-related threats are forms of structural violence intertwined with housing, energy and related social determinants of health. Juxtaposing city-level climate refuge narratives with lived experiences on the ground, I find that residents’ thermal insecurities are linked to the interpersonal, contractual and bureaucratically-structured relationships that constrain adaptations to heat and cold. This research contributes to an emerging critical heat studies agenda, which aims to shift thermal discourse from its current meteorological orientation to instead centre people’s everyday adaptive thermal practices and struggles.
炎热通常被描述为无声的杀手或无形的威胁。炎热比其他类型的气候变化加剧引发极端天气导致的死亡人数更多，在种族化和隔离的城市社区中，炎热的影响尤为明显。在气候城市化的时代，对炎热进行科学分类并将其与对健康的影响联系起来有助于支持早期预警系统和对城市炎热缓解基础设施的投资，从而支持气候城市化的品牌战略。与此同时，对与炎热相关的危险的生活体验的研究相对较少，而寒冷很少出现在气候健康讨论中，尽管寒冷导致的死亡人数比炎热要多得多。本文中，我介绍了关于居民炎热生活体验的家庭访谈，这些访谈让大家知晓炎热（不）安全的概念，并主张与热和冷有关的威胁是与住房、能源和健康相关社会决定因素交织在一起的结构性暴力形式。通过将城市层面的气候避难所叙事与实实在在的生活体验进行对比，我发现居民的炎热不安全感与人际关系、合约关系和官僚化的结构化关系相互关联，从而限制了对冷热的适应能力。本研究为新兴的关键炎热研究议程做出了贡献，旨在将炎热讨论从目前的气象导向转到以人们日常的适应性炎热实践和斗争为中心。
Keywordsclimate urbanism, environment/sustainability, inequality, planning, public health, social justice
关键词
气候城市化、环境/可持续发展、不平等、规划、公共卫生、社会正义
05
Urban public health emergencies and the COVID-19 pandemic. Part 2: Infrastructures, urban governance and civil society
城市公共卫生突发事件和新冠肺炎大流行。第二部分：基础设施、城市治理和公民社会
Scott Orford（英国卡迪夫大学）Philip Hubbard（英国伦敦国王学院）首次出版时间：2023/06/28｜研究论文
AbstractCOVID-19 had sudden and dramatic impacts on the organisation and governance of urban life. In Part 2 of this Special Issue on public health emergencies we question the extent to which the pandemic ushered in fundamentally new understandings of urban public health, noting that ideas of urban pathology and the relation of dirt, disease and danger in cities, have long informed practices of planning. Emphasising important continuities in the way pandemics are associated with minoritised and vulnerable groups, past and present, we note that public health initiatives can often exacerbate existing health divides, and actually deepen health crises. Against this, we document the emergence of participatory, community-led responses to the pandemic that offered the promise of more inclusive urban policy, often characterised by self-organisation. While we argue that any public health policy needs to be mindful of local contingencies, the promise of inclusive policies is that they will lead to healthier cities for all, not simply protect the health of the wealthy few.
摘要
新冠肺炎疫情对城市生活的组织和治理突然产生了巨大的影响。在这个关于公共卫生突发事件特刊的第二部分中，我们对新冠肺炎疫情在多大程度上为城市公共卫生带来了根本性的新理解提出了质疑，并指出城市病理学的想法以及城市中污垢、疾病和危险的关系，长期以来一直影响着规划实践。在强调过去和现在，各种大流行病与少数群体和弱势群体相关联的重要连续性的同时，我们指出，公共卫生举措往往会加剧现有的健康鸿沟，实际上加深了健康危机。在这种情况下，我们记录了参与性的、由社区领导的应对这一大流行病的措施的出现，这些应对措施有望带来以自我组织为特征的，更具有包容性的城市政策。虽然我们认为任何公共卫生政策都需要考虑到当地的具体情况，但包容性政策的承诺是，它们将为所有人带来更健康的城市，而不仅仅是保护少数富人的健康。
关键词
公民社会、新冠肺炎疫情、基础设施、大流行病、城市治理
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