论文快递: 第一百九十九期
编者按
Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第一百九十九期，将介绍 Urban Studies Online First的四篇和Current Issue的一篇论文。主题包括战后重建的城市比较研究，昌迪加尔的现代主义，支出调整后的两级分化，女性的公共交通出行，租金差距中的国家作用，欢迎阅读。
01
Comparative urbanism for hope and healing: Urbicide and the dilemmas of reconstruction in post-war Syria and Poland
希望与治愈的比较城市研究：城市自杀与叙利亚和波兰战后重建的困境
AbstractThis paper expands the repertoire of comparative urbanism by putting forward a method of ‘hopeful comparison’, in which we explore an asynchronous comparison between post-war Poland and Syria. Similar to the way that Polish architects used urban design as a ‘practice of hope’ during the Second World War, contemporary Syrian architects are now drafting reconstruction plans even if their implementation does not seem politically possible. Yet what role can an ethical, affective stance such as hope play in the methodology of comparative urbanism? In our comparative strategy the role of radical hope is threefold. First, it creates the comparative connection between two cities destroyed by urbicide, thus countering the destructive connectivities of war and, in case of Syria, capitalism, and foregrounding resilience and human connection (which also opens up the potential of healing). Second, radical hope provides a temporal reorientation of knowledge, redirecting the analysis from the traumatic past towards an open future. Third, in this way a hopeful comparison becomes a practical tool for thinking through concrete ethical and political dilemmas concerning reconstruction and property regimes. How to think about reconstruction when the conflict is still ongoing, and, if the property system is now weaponised as part of the conflict, how to avoid inadvertently reproducing this violence in the process of property restitution and reconstruction.
本文通过提出一种 "有希望的比较 "的方法，扩大了比较城市研究的范围，我们在其中探讨了战后波兰和叙利亚之间的非同步比较。与波兰建筑师在第二次世界大战期间将城市设计作为 "希望的实践 "相似，当代叙利亚建筑师正在起草重建计划，即使其实施在政治上似乎并不可行。那么，像希望这样的伦理、情感立场在比较城市研究的方法论中能发挥什么作用呢？在我们的比较策略中，激进希望的作用有三个方面。首先，它创造了两个被城市自杀摧毁的城市之间的比较联系，从而对抗战争的破坏性联系（对于叙利亚而言，则是资本主义的破坏性联系），并强调复原力和人类联系（这也开启了治愈的潜力）。第二，激进的希望提供了一种知识在时间上的重新定位，将分析从创伤性的过去转向一个开放的未来。第三，通过这种方式，一个有希望的比较成为了思考有关重建和财产制度的具体伦理和政治困境的实用工具。当冲突仍在进行时，如何思考重建问题，如果财产制度现在作为冲突的一部分被武器化，如何避免在财产归还和重建的过程中无意识地再现这种暴力。
affect, comparative methods, comparative urbanism, hope, post-war reconstruction, property, trauma, urbicide
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231163978
02
Queering utopia: Pride walks in modernist Chandigarh
同性恋的乌托邦：自豪地走在现代主义的昌迪加尔
Abstract
In this paper, we queer the understanding of urban spaces to move forward a utopian project. ‘Let this be a new town unfettered by the traditions of the past, a step into the future’, proclaimed Nehru about Chandigarh. Designed by Le Corbusier and his team in the 1950s, Chandigarh was symbolically and materially meant to propel India into modernity. Although built with the ideals of socialism and secularism, Chandigarh is very much an elite city. This paper traces the Queer Pride parade initiated in the year 2013 to appreciate how non-normative groups challenge and subvert the planning of Chandigarh. Our attempt in this paper is to queer the utopian understanding of Chandigarh. We do this through a reading of pride walks as disruptive moments that assign new possibilities and meanings to public spaces. Technocratic solutions proposed as part of grand urban planning imaginations can never take us closer to utopia. Instead, we argue, it is through disruptions caused by events like pride parades that we slowly inch towards utopia. In making the above argument, this paper pushes the boundaries of both queer theory and urban utopian imaginations.
Keywords
architecture, Chandigarh, gender, queer, utopia
建筑，昌迪加尔，性别，同性恋，乌托邦
03
Income polarisation, expenditure and the Australian urban middle class
收入两极分化、支出与澳大利亚城市中产阶级
AbstractRecent years have seen growing concern about the ‘hollowing out’ of the middle class, due to processes of polarisation. In this paper, we examine different conceptualisations of polarisation, and introduce the concept of expenditure-adjusted polarisation that considers not only income, but also various key categories of expenditure at a household level: housing, groceries and meals, transport and energy. Analysing longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, we show that the Australian society is significantly more polarised, with fewer middle-income households, when the relative size of income groups in a given year is based on expenditure-adjusted income rather than pre-expenditure income. Such polarisation is particularly prominent when housing expenditure is considered and has distinctive spatial patterns. In contrast, our analysis finds no evidence of a temporal pattern of polarisation in Australia between 2005 and 2019, with no substantial change in the size of income groups over time, regardless of which income measures are used. We argue that a more nuanced conceptualisation of polarisation, and its relation to processes of ‘hollowing out’ and rising inequality, is needed to inform urban scholarship and policy.
摘要
近年来，由于两极分化的过程，人们越来越关注中产阶级的 "空心化 "。在本文中，我们研究了两极分化的不同概念，并介绍了“支出调整后两极分化”的概念，该概念不仅考虑收入，还考虑家庭层面的各种关键支出类别：住房、食杂、交通和能源。通过分析澳大利亚家庭、收入和劳动力动态调查的纵向数据，我们证明，当一年的收入群体的相对规模是基于支出调整后收入而不是支出前收入时，澳大利亚社会的两极分化明显加剧，中等收入家庭的数量减少。如果把住房支出考虑在内，这种两极分化尤为突出，并具有独特的空间规律。相反，我们的分析发现，在 2005 年至 2019 年期间，没有证据表明澳大利亚出现了两极分化的时间规律，无论使用哪种收入衡量标准，收入群体的规模在一段时间内都没有实质性变化。我们认为，需要对两极分化及其与 "空心化 "和不平等加剧的过程的关系进行更细致的概念化，以便为城市学术研究和政策提供参考。
Keywords after-housing income, expenditure-adjusted polarisation, HILDA, housing tenure, middle class
关键词
住房支出后收入，支出调整后两极分化，澳大利亚家庭，收入和劳动力动态调查 (HILDA)，住房保有权，中产阶级
04
A transport of one’s own: Women in contemporary Mexico City’s public transport through the lens of photojournalism
属于自己的交通工具：从新闻摄影的角度看当代墨西哥城公共交通工具中的女性
Teresa Franco（英国伦敦玛丽女王大学）
首次出版时间：2023/4/17｜研究论文
Abstract
This article proposes the use of photojournalism to understand women’s urban mobility practices in contemporary Mexico City. Throughout the analysis, a variety of issues such as economic violence, time poverty and sexual harassment emerge. In general, the article argues that, by analysing the cultural representations that circulate within different media in a specific social and historical context, particular experiences of urban mobilities are made visible, thereby enriching current urban mobility scholarship. Specifically, the article explores how the analysis of material makes visible the various and distinct encounters that women experience when using public transport in Mexico City. The article makes the case that there is already plenty of scholarship within the humanities and cultural studies that could be integrated into existing research on urban mobility practices, enhancing our understanding of how such practices are distinct in particular locations and time periods, and ultimately helping to achieve a more complex and nuanced understanding of them.
摘要
本文提出利用新闻摄影来了解当代墨西哥城中妇女的出行行为。分析过程中涌现出了各种问题，如经济暴力、时间贫困和性骚扰。总的来说，我们认为，通过分析在特定的社会和历史背景下在不同媒体中流传的文化表征，城市出行的特殊经验得以显现，从而丰富了当前的城市出行学术研究。具体而言，本文探讨了对材料的分析如何使妇女在使用墨西哥城公共交通时经历的各种不同的遭遇得以浮现。本文认为，人文科学和文化研究中已经有大量的学术成果可以与现有的城市出行行为研究相结合，提升我们对这些行为在特定地点和时间段内的独特特点的理解，并最终促进我们对这些行为更复杂和细致的理解。Keywordscultural representations, Mexico City, photojournalism, public transport, women’s mobility practices
关键词
文化表征，墨西哥城，新闻摄影，公共交通，妇女出行行为
05
Capital’s welfare dependency: Market failure, stalled regeneration and state subsidy in Glasgow and Edinburgh
资本的福利依赖：格拉斯哥和爱丁堡的市场失灵、更新停滞和国家补贴
AbstractComparing case studies of long-term, large-scale urban regeneration projects in Glasgow and Edinburgh, Scotland, this paper brings together two addendums to the rent gap model in the shape of the ‘reputational gap’ and the ‘state subsidy gap’. These neologisms are mobilised to clarify the risk-laden centrality of the state’s role in both the formation and potential closure of rent gaps in large-scale areas of disinvestment and devalorisation. Whilst such projects often appear as expressions of capital’s state-mediated extractive power over the built environment, we consider them as examples of capitalist failure or fragility – for even with striking levels of public subsidy to address ‘market failure’ the land and property market has not been reinvigorated according to plan. This highlights the need, we argue, for further critical scrutiny of failed or stalled urban regeneration projects as a means of foregrounding the instability, rather than the omnipotence, of contemporary urban capitalism.
摘要
我们以苏格兰格拉斯哥和爱丁堡的长期、大规模城市更新项目为案例进行了研究，通过比较相关的案例研究，本文将租金差距模型的两个补遗以“声誉差距”和“国家补贴差距”的形式整合进来。这些新词被用来阐明在发生撤资和贬值大范围区域内，在租金差距的形成和可能的终结的过程中，国家所承担的大量风险，以及起到的最为重要的作用。虽然这些项目通常是在建筑环境方面资本经由国家干预而享有的榨取权的表现，但我们认为它们是资本主义失败或脆弱的例子。因为即使用来解决“市场失灵”的公共补贴高得惊人，土地和房地产市场也仍然没有按照计划重振。我们认为，这突显了对失败或停滞的城市更新项目进行进一步严格审查的必要性，这将凸显当代城市资本主义是不稳定的，而不是万能的。
market failure, rent gap, reputational gap, stalled regeneration, state subsidy gap
市场失灵，租金差距，声誉差距，更新停滞，国家补贴差距
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