其他
Linux如何配置VNC远程桌面？
链接：https://blog.51cto.com/min2000/8822535
一、VNC介绍
1.1 VNC简介
VNC (Virtual Network Console)是虚拟网络控制台的缩写。它 是一款优秀的远程控制工具软件，可以实现远程控制计算机的功能。
1.2 VNC组成
VNC基本上是由两部分组成，在任何安装了客户端的应用程序(vncviewer)的计算机都能十分方便地与安装了服务器端的应用程序(vncserver)的计算机相互连接。
客户端的应用程序vncviewer
服务器端的应用程序vncserver
1.3 常见的VNC工具
RealVNC：是一款功能强大的VNC工具，支持多种操作系统，包括Windows、Linux、Mac OS X等，具有高安全性和可靠性。
UltraVNC：是一款免费的VNC客户端和服务器软件，支持Windows操作系统，提供了远程桌面、文件传输、文本聊天等功能。
TightVNC：是一个小巧而强大的VNC工具，支持Windows、Linux以及Unix等多种操作系统，具有较高的安全性和性能。
TigerVNC：是一个开源的VNC工具，支持Windows、Linux以及Mac OS X等多种操作系统，具有稳定性和高性能。
TeamViewer：是一款针对远程支持、远程控制和在线协作的应用软件，可以实现桌面共享、远程协助、文件传输等功能。
二、本地环境介绍
本次实践为个人测试环境，服务器操作系统版本为Rocky Linux 8.9，客户端主机使用Windows10操作系统
角色 | 主机名 | 主机IP | 操作系统版本 | 内核版本 |
vncserver | localhost | 192.168.3.168 | Rocky Linux 8.9 (Green Obsidian) | 4.18.0-513.5.1.el8_9.x86_64 |
vncviewer | N/A | 192.168.3.35 | Windows 10 Pro | N/A |
三、安装vncserver
3.1 使用yum源安装tigervnc-server包
dnf -y install tigervnc-server3.2 检查vncserver安装状态
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep tigervnctigervnc-license-1.13.1-2.el8.noarchtigervnc-server-1.13.1-2.el8.x86_64tigervnc-server-minimal-1.13.1-2.el8.x86_64tigervnc-selinux-1.13.1-2.el8.noarch四、创建VNC用户
4.1 分别创建vncuser01、vncuser02用户，并设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# useradd vncuser01[root@localhost ~]# useradd vncuser02[root@localhost ~]# echo 123 | passwd --stdin vncuser01 # 设置密码为123Changing password for user vncuser01.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.[root@localhost ~]# echo 123 | passwd --stdin vncuser02 # 设置密码为123Changing password for user vncuser02.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.五、配置vncserver服务
5.1 切换到vncuser01用户，启动vncserver服务，设置vnc连接密码
[root@localhost ~]# su - vncuser01[vncuser01@localhost ~]$ vncserver
WARNING: vncserver has been replaced by a systemd unit and is now considered deprecated and removed in upstream.Please read /usr/share/doc/tigervnc/HOWTO.md for more information.
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:Password must be at least 6 characters - try again # 密码长度至少6位Password: # 设置密码为123456Verify: # 再次输入密码Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n # 询问你是否要再输入一个只有观看权限而被禁止操作的远程桌面的密码A view-only password is not usedxauth: file /home/vncuser01/.Xauthority does not exist
New 'localhost.localdomain:1 (vncuser01)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:1
Creating default startup script /home/vncuser01/.vnc/xstartupCreating default config /home/vncuser01/.vnc/configStarting applications specified in /home/vncuser01/.vnc/xstartupLog file is /home/vncuser01/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:1.log5.2 切换到vncuser02用户，启动vncserver服务，设置vnc连接密码
[vncuser01@localhost ~]$ exitlogout[root@localhost ~]# su - vncuser02[vncuser02@localhost ~]$ vncserver
WARNING: vncserver has been replaced by a systemd unit and is now considered deprecated and removed in upstream.Please read /usr/share/doc/tigervnc/HOWTO.md for more information.
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:Verify:Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? nA view-only password is not usedxauth: file /home/vncuser02/.Xauthority does not exist
New 'localhost.localdomain:2 (vncuser02)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:2
Creating default startup script /home/vncuser02/.vnc/xstartupCreating default config /home/vncuser02/.vnc/configStarting applications specified in /home/vncuser02/.vnc/xstartupLog file is /home/vncuser02/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:2.log后面如果需要修改vnc连接密码，可以切换到对应用户执行vncpasswd进行修改
5.3 查看服务端口
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tulnpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5901 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 33743/Xvnc tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5902 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 34664/Xvnc tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1709/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1145/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1148/cupsd tcp6 0 0 :::5901 :::* LISTEN 33743/Xvnc tcp6 0 0 :::5902 :::* LISTEN 34664/Xvnc tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1145/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1148/cupsd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 938/avahi-daemon: r udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50923 0.0.0.0:* 938/avahi-daemon: r udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 1709/dnsmasq udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 1709/dnsmasq udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 1/systemd udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 957/chronyd udp6 0 0 :::5353 :::* 938/avahi-daemon: r udp6 0 0 :::34264 :::* 938/avahi-daemon: r udp6 0 0 :::111 :::* 1/systemd udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 957/chronyd可以看到vnc服务端口已经处于监听状态了。
5.3 设置vncserver开机自启动.
第一个桌面环境
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service # 注意：此处服务名称不能tab键补全，需手动敲完整，对应5901端口Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vncserver@:1.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service.第二个桌面环境
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vncserver@:2.serviceCreated symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vncserver@:2.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service.5.4 增加会话窗口与用户的映射关系，第一个桌面与vncuser01账号关联，第二个桌面环境与vncuser02账号关联
编辑/etc/tigervnc/vncserver.users文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/tigervnc/vncserver.users# TigerVNC User assignment# # This file assigns users to specific VNC display numbers.# The syntax is <display>=<username>. E.g.:## :2=andrew# :3=lisa:1=vncuser01 # 增加这两行:2=vncuser025.5 防火墙规则放行
在firewalld防火墙上放行端口
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=5902/tcp --permanent success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success5.6 重启验证服务状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status vncserver@\:1.service[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status vncserver@\:1.service● vncserver@:1.service - Remote desktop service (VNC) Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-12-14 18:00:57 CST; 40s ago Process: 1471 ExecStart=/usr/libexec/vncsession-start :1 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 1422 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/vncsession-restore :1 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 1489 (vncsession) Tasks: 0 (limit: 24436) Memory: 1.4M CGroup: /system.slice/system-vncserver.slice/vncserver@:1.service ‣ 1489 /usr/sbin/vncsession vncuser01 :1
Dec 14 18:00:57 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Remote desktop service (VNC)...Dec 14 18:00:57 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Remote desktop service (VNC).[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status vncserver@\:2.service● vncserver@:2.service - Remote desktop service (VNC) Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-12-14 18:00:57 CST; 44s ago Process: 1470 ExecStart=/usr/libexec/vncsession-start :2 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 1421 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/vncsession-restore :2 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 1492 (vncsession) Tasks: 0 (limit: 24436) Memory: 2.1M CGroup: /system.slice/system-vncserver.slice/vncserver@:2.service ‣ 1492 /usr/sbin/vncsession vncuser02 :2
Dec 14 18:00:57 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Remote desktop service (VNC)...Dec 14 18:00:57 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Remote desktop service (VNC).重启系统后，服务成功自启动，均为active状态
5.7 查看端口状态
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tulnpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1858/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1101/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1098/cupsd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5901 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1624/Xvnc tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5902 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1625/Xvnc tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1101/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1098/cupsd tcp6 0 0 :::5901 :::* LISTEN 1624/Xvnc tcp6 0 0 :::5902 :::* LISTEN 1625/Xvnc tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 973/avahi-daemon: r udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 1858/dnsmasq udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 1858/dnsmasq udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 1/systemd udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 983/chronyd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:44138 0.0.0.0:* 973/avahi-daemon: r udp6 0 0 :::5353 :::* 973/avahi-daemon: r udp6 0 0 :::36338 :::* 973/avahi-daemon: r udp6 0 0 :::111 :::* 1/systemd udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 983/chronydvnc服务端口处于监听状态中
六、客户端连接验证
这里我的客户端主机使用的是Windows10操作系统，使用UltraVNC Viewer工具连接
登录成功，vncuser02同理
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